Share this on. In a previous blog post, we discussed preload and afterload. You may recall, preload is the amount of ventricular stretch at the end of diastole. Afterload is the pressure the myocardial muscle must overcome to push blood out of the heart during systole.
The left ventricle ejects blood through the aortic valve against the high pressure of the systemic circulation, also known as systemic vascular resistance SVR. For example, if the blood vessels tighten or constrict, SVR increases, resulting in diminished ventricular compliance, reduced stroke volume and ultimately a drop in cardiac output.
If blood vessels dilate or relax, SVR decreases, reducing the amount of left ventricular force needed to open the aortic valve.
This may result in more efficient pumping action of the left ventricle and an increased cardiac output. If the SVR is elevated, a vasodilator such as nitroglycerine or nitroprusside may be used to treat hypertension. Diuretics may be added if preload is high. If the SVR is diminished, a vasoconstrictor such as norepinephrine, dopamine, vasopressin or neosynephrine may be used to treat hypotension.
Fluids may be administered if preload is low. Preload and Afterload — What's the Difference? Calculating the mean arterial pressure MAP. Tags :.
Hepatitis C medications are often classified by the genotype of the virus that they are designed to treat. A genotype is a specific genetic strain of the virus that is created as the virus evolves.
There are currently seven known HCV genotypes, plus more than 67 known subtypes within those genotypes. Genotype 2 is the second most common, affecting 20 to 25 percent of Americans with HCV.
People who contract genotypes 3 to 7 are most often outside the United States. Some medications treat all or many of the HCV genotypes, but some drugs target just one genotype. Your doctor will test you to determine your genotype of HCV infection, which is called genotyping. Medication regimens and dosing schedules are different for the various genotypes.
Following is a list of some of the modern antiviral medications most commonly used to treat hepatitis C, arranged in alphabetical order.
You may find more detailed information about available HCV medications here. Information in the list below is taken from the FDA list of approved hepatitis C drugs. The brand name for each drug is followed by the generic names of its ingredients.
Manufacturers of these medications often give detailed information and claims of effectiveness for additional genotypes on their websites. Your doctor can help you evaluate this information. Some of it may be valid, while some of it may be exaggerated or out of context for you.
Not everyone reaches SVR. Severe side effects may cause you to stop treatment early. Your doctor may recommend that you try a different combination of drugs.
But you still have an infection that needs attention. This means regular blood count and liver function tests. By working closely with your doctor, you can quickly address any problems that arise. These trials sometimes allow you to try new drugs that are still in the testing stage. Clinical trials tend to have strict criteria, but your doctor should be able to provide more information. Make your health your top priority.
Living with a chronic condition can be trying at times. Even close family and friends may be unaware of your concerns. Or they may not know what to say. So take it upon yourself to open up the channels of communication. Ask for emotional support and practical help when you need it. Over 3 million people in the United States are living with chronic hepatitis C.
Support groups can help you navigate information and resources that can make a meaningful difference in your life. They can also result in lasting, mutually beneficial relationships. You may start out seeking support and soon find yourself in a position to help others. Hepatitis C, caused by HCV, damages the liver. Discover the types of tests, what the results mean, and more.
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